Hast du gewusst das Bienen Kommunizieren können?

642 Kommentare / Bienen / Von

Eines schönen, besonders heißen Sommertages, Basti und ich während einer Inspektion:

“Schau! Siehst du wie sich diese Biene bewegt??”

“Ja, was bedeutet das? Fühlt sie sich nicht wohl???”

“Doch doch sie fühlt sich wohl. Auf diese Weise teilen sie sich gegenseitig mit wo Nektar zu finden ist!”

Ah! Nein wirklich? Das war komplett neu für mich. Zu all den Dingen die Bienen tun können gehört auch die Kommunikation! Bienen kommunizieren miteinander! Ich werde immer wieder beeindruckt!!! Warte, was heißt: Bienen kommunizieren miteinander? Wie? Was passiert? Was sagen sie einander? Wichtige Dinge?

Bienen kommunizieren miteinander… ziemlich gut sogar!

Vor wenigen Monaten kontaktierte mich eine süße junge Frau aus Florenz via Instagram. Sie hatte ein Problem mit Bienen. ‚Süße
sage ich auch deshalb weil sie in einer Bäckerei arbeitet. 😊 Dies war ihre Nachricht:

‚Hallo! Wie geht es dir? Entschuldige wenn ich störe, allerdings habe ich mitbekommen das ihr mit Bienen lebt… Ich wollte fragen ob ihr mir helfen könnt: Ich arbeite in einer Bäckerei und seit einer Woche ist der Verkaufsraum immer wieder voll mit Bienen welche sich an unserem Gebäck erfreuen. Wir haben bereits mit sechs verschiedenen Imkern gesprochen, aber keiner konnte uns helfen. Sie schlugen vor draußen Zuckerwasser aufzustellen. Das hat es allerdings nur verschlimmert. Wir haben die Polizei und Feuerwehr angerufen doch sie können nichts tun. Essig und ähnliche Sachen helfen auch nicht… ich dachte das ihr vielleicht etwas kennt uns hilft.‚

Warum das?

Stell dir vor: Wir haben ende September, die Nektarquellen verschwinden nacheinander (natürlich finden die Bienen nicht mehr so viel wie in den Monaten zuvor). Eine verzweifelte Biene auf Futtersuche muss diese Bäckerei gefunden haben. Doch… wie ist es möglich das die Bäckerei nun von morgens bis abends voll mit Bienen ist? Es gibt kein wildes Volk und auch keine Imkerei in direkter Umgebung. Nur viele Bienen die immer wenn ein Kunde den Laden betritt mit hinein kommen. Die Antwort ist dass die erste Bienenpionierin ihre Entdeckung, zurück in der Beinenbeute, an ihre Schwestern kommuniziert hat. Von da an besuchen täglich mehr und mehr Bienen diese Bäckerei. Zuallererst kommunizieren Bienen wo es Futter zu finden gibt.

Ok, Bienen kommunizieren miteinander… doch wie?

erinnerst du dich an das Buch das ich letzte Woche erwähnte? Das super interessante von Karl von Frisch? Nun, der Titel „The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees“ ist nicht zufällig gewählt. Ein ganzen Kapitel dreht sich um die Kommunikation der Bienen. Die Frage die natürlich zuerst aufkommt ist: wie können Bienen kommunizieren? Du wirst vielleicht lachen aber die Antwort ist: sie tanzen ihre Kommunikation! Ja genau, sie sind sehr gute Tänzer und abhängig von den Bewegungen die sie vollführen teilen sie verschiedene Nachrichten aus. Wenn eine Biene zurück zur Beute kommt startet sie einen Kreistanz, ihre Schwestern schauen ihn sich genau an und dann fliegen alle zu der selben Futterquelle. Jedes Mal wenn sie zurück kommen wir die Nachricht geteilt und erreicht so mehr und mehr Bienen. Dadurch fliegen dann immer mehr Bienen um den selben Platz zu besuchen.

Wie verstehen Sie welche Pflanze sie besuchen sollen?

Beinen kommunizieren wo Futter zu feinden ist!
hart arbeitende Bienen

OK an diesem Punkt denkst du bestimmt: „alles klar, Bienen machen bestimmte Bewegungen und die anderen Bienen verstehen das es in der Nähe Futter gibt. aber was dann? Wie verstehen sie wohin sie fliegen müssen?“ Das stimmt, doch der Punkt ist das Bienen tanzend sehr viel mehr kommunizieren können. Wie von Frisch, nach vielen Experimenten, herausgefunden hat können Bienen viele verschiedene Gerüche unterscheiden. So können sie den Geruch der tanzenden Sammlerin und des von ihr gesammelten Nektars einer bestimmten Blume zuordnen. Bienen können diesen Geruch sehr gut wahrnehmen und haben keine Probleme ihn wiederzufinden. Aus diesem Grund sprechen sagten wir auch das Bienen oft eine gesamte blühende Pflanzengattung gleichzeitig bestäuben denn sie suchen danach. Wie sie riechen können? Ich meine, nicht einmal ein Trüffelschwein ist sooo gut, nicht wahr? Auf zwei Arten können Bienen riechen: erstens, mit ihren Antennen und zweitens durch den Geschmack des Nektars, welcher voll mit dem Duft der Blüten ist.

Besser als ein Navi!

Der Geruch ist sicherlich ein wichtiger erster Schritt um die Blüten zu finden nachdem die Bienen die bezeichnete Gegend erreicht haben. Dennoch, Bienen Fliegen bis zu 3km um Nektar zu sammeln woran können sie verstehen in welche Richtung sie sich wenden müssen? Oder auch wie weit entfernt das Ziel ist? Was, wenn ich euch sage das Bienen diese Informationen auch sehr erfolgreich vermitteln können? Genau, von Frisch nennt es den “abdomen dance”, Bienen kommunizieren damit wie weit die Nektarquelle entfernt ist. Die Entfernung ist Abhängig davon wie lange sie ihren Hinterleib schütteln. Zum Beispiel: eine halbe Sekunde entspricht 300 Metern während 4 Sekunden bereits 4500 Meter bedeuten. Bienen können die Entfernung die sie geflogen sind sehr gut daran erkennen, wie viel Energie sie verbraucht haben. Einfach großartig! Wie auch immer. Das ist noch nicht alles! Ok, die Distanz doch was ist mit der Richtung? Der erste teil des Tanzes, der lineare Tanz, vermittelt die Richtung die sie einschlagen müssen. Das Bezauberndste daran? Der Kompass der Bienen ist die Sonne. Selbst wenn sie hinter Wolken verborgen ist wissen Bienen, dank der ultravioletten Strahlung, immer wo sie ist. Natürlich nicht wenn sie hinter den schwarzen Wolken eins Gewitters verborgen sein sollte. Allerdings verlassen die Beinen die Beute während eins Gewitters auch nicht.

Wieso habe ich nicht schon eher darüber nachgedacht – ein soziales Insekt muss auch irgendwie kommunizieren können! Und Bienen kommunizieren sehr gut!! Denkst du nicht auch das dies alles geradezu magisch ist? Sie werden nie aufhören mir zu imponieren! LAss uns wissen wie du darüber denkst, wir sind neugierig darauf!

fühl dich gedrückt,

die Gaeblini  

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