In cosa consiste la prima ispezione dell’anno?

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Siamo pronti, siamo carichi? Oggi ti parlo della prima ispezione dell’anno alle arnie. Eh sí, non basta comprare l’arnia e metterla nella postazione piú consona. Le arnie vanno ispezionate, perché bisogna controllare com’é la situazione generale e come stanno le api. La frequenza varia a seconda del periodo dell’anno. Tuttavia, la primissima ispezione dell’anno é particolarmente importante. Ti piacerebbe scoprire qualcosa di piú sul quando, come, ma soprattutto perché? Leggi, leggi 🙂

Quando fare la prima ispezione dell’anno?

Iniziamo dal primissimo dettaglio: ok la prima ispezione, ma esattamente quando? Come faccio a sapere quando é il momento giusto? Quando procedere senza fare danni?

Ovviamente non c’é una data precisa o un momento specifico. Inoltre puó dipendere da regione a regione, da anno a anno. Diciamo che in linea generale la prima ispezione andrebbe fatta quando inizia ad esserci bel tempo. Prendi come riferimento le temperature un po’ piú alte rispetto a quelle della media invernale che hanno caratterizzato le giornate fino a quel periodo.

Da noi, qui in Sassonia, ad esempio di solito si procede circa a inizio/metá Marzo. Quindi mi raccomando attenzione alla temperatura! Dobbiamo fare in modo che quando si apre l’arnia non si sprechi tutto il lavoraccio fatto dalle api fino a quel momento per mantenere la giusta temperatura per garantirsi la sopravvivenza. Un’altro dettaglio che fa capire a Basti quando é il momento giusto per il primo controllo é quando vede le api al nostro stagnetto (ve l’abbiamo introdotto nel nostro ultimo articolo https://www.gaeblini.com/2021/04/04/dove-posizionare-le-arnie/ ): se le api si mettono alla ricerca di una fonte idrica, significa che sono ripartite con la covata e considerano l’inverno ormai finito. Anche qui pertanto un’altra cosa tanto semplice quanto speciale, prova a farci caso d’ora in poi: se vedi delle api impegnate nel racimolare un po’ di acqua, beh significa che inizia ad esserci un gran bel da fare nelle arnie!

Ok una volta chiarito quando proseguire, passiamo al pratico con il come.

Ma come si fa la prima ispezione delle arnie?

Cosa sapevi sull'importanza della prima ispezione dell'anno?
Basti e le sue api, durante un´ispezione…

Per quanto riguarda le nostre arnie ad esempio possiamo ispezionare osservando da sopra, dopo aver scoperchiato delicatamente l’arnia. É importante non toccare i favi perché c’é ancora il glomere, ovvero la pallottola di api che si forma durante il periodo invernale.

Le nostre arnie in inverno hanno due ‘scatole’ per il nido. Partendo quindi dall’alto, se la prima scatola in cima é vuota (io ‘come vuota???’ Basti ‘sisi tranquilla puó succedere!’) si controlla quella sotto. Quello che é importante in questo momento é esattamente cosa si sta controllando, questa é una domanda fondamentale. Stai ispezionando ma esattamente che cosa? Quali sono i dettagli su cui soffermarsi? Cosa ti dovresti aspettare o meno?

Ma appunto! Cos’é che staremmo controllando esattamente??

Si tratta di un check per vedere se…?

…se le api hanno abbastanza cibo! É fondamentale che abbiano abbastanza cibo quando iniziano la covata. Una curiositá: potrebbe essere che ci siano scorte di miele in altre parti dell’arnia, ma che ‘non siano raggiungibili’ dalle api.

Io: Ma scusa mi stai dicendo che se le api hanno del miele nel favo sopra per dire, non lo toccano??

Basti: Genau! (= Esatto!)

Alla mia espressione da punto di domanda ecco come ha cercato di semplificarmela: é come se fosse una casa con tanti frigo sparsi, in un mondo dai supermercati chiusi. Le api si cibano di quello che c’é nel primo frigo che trovano lí a portata di mano. Una volta svuotato, si muovono a quello successivo, ma sempre rimanendo attaccate tra di loro. Attenzione: le api in inverno non vanno in letargo, ma stanno vicine vicine per mantenersi al caldo. Quindi sí hanno bisogno di mangiare, eccome! Ricapitolando, in inverno le api non sono in letargo. Sono in glomere, sono unite e si muovono sempre insieme. Quando inizia la covata, da questo momento non si muovono piú: perché? Semplicemente sono poche e non fa ancora comunque cosí caldo (soprattutto di notte magari o potrebbe trattarsi anche di una falsa partenza di primavera). La loro prioritá assoluta diventa prendersi cura della covata e mantenere la temperatura giusta. Paradossalmente, potrebbe essere che ci siano ancora dei favi con del miele, ma le api muoiano di fame perché la loro prioritá é prendersi cura delle larve e tenerle al caldo.

Fatta questa precisazione, adesso é piú chiaro cosa controllare?

É essenziale capire dove sono le larve e osservare vicino al glomere se c’é cibo. Puoi sollevare i favi accanto al glomere, se vedi che sono vuoti li sostituisci con uno con cibo, in modo da renderglielo accessibile.

Io: Ma aspetta…allora se la regina ha iniziato a deporre le uova, é il caso di cogliere l’occasione per aggiungere favi vuoti cosí ha piú spazio per deporne??

Basti: No no no, le api sono ancora troppo poche! Hanno bisogno di stare vicine e mantenere la temperatura giusta…sarebbe ancora troppo presto per aggiungere dei favi!

E se i favi sono vuoti? Mi sono chiesta: é possibile che non ci sia mezzo favo con un po’ di buona pappa per le nostre api? Sempre per quanto riguarda noi e le nostre arnie, abbiamo 22 favi nell’arnia. A inizio inverno dovrebbero essere tutti pieni, con il loro miele e in aggiunta la nostra nutrizione compensativa fatta di zucchero e acqua).

Ovviamente non li hanno usati tutti e 22, quindi a fine inverno se ne trova sicuro qualcuno pieno di cibo da mettergli vicino. In caso estremo, se proprio non ce ne sono, noi abbiamo sempre da parte qualche favo con del miele.

Facciamo un recap?

Quindi ricapitolando – alla prima ispezione dell’anno devi fare attenzione e assicurarti:

  • che ci sia un bel glomere (non devi trovare api tutte sparse qua e lá nell’arnia) – dalla regia mi dicono che di solito sono concentrate tra 3 e 5 favi. Va da sé che ogni arnia ha solo un glomere, visto che le api hanno solo una regina e stanno tutte assolutamente vicine a lei
  • che stiano bene
  • che ci sia covata
  • che ci sia cibo

Nota triste: puó succedere di aprire l’arnia e trovarla completamente vuota, che fare in questi casi? É importantissimo chiudere l’arnia, prima che inizino eventuali saccheggi, ovvero api da altre arnie che cercano di rubare il cibo rimasto in quella vuota. Purtroppo si ucciderebbero a vicenda.

Il punto fondamentale della primissima ispezione dell’anno é capire quali arnie siano sopravvissute all’inverno, assicurarsi che le api stiano bene e che possano proseguire tranquille.

E pensa che questa era solo la prima ispezione dell’anno! 🙂 Hai capito ora perché é cosí importante? Facci sapere la curiositá che piú ti ha colpito 🙂

Ti aggiorneremo riguardo ulteriori controlli!

Un abbraccio,

I Gäblini

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